I had never thought before about how words could also affect learning and teaching in science subjects. Previously, I saw mathematics as being made up of numbers, patterns, algebra, and forms, and I assumed that words only influenced language learning, such as politics, English Literature, and social studies. However, when we teach mathematics through English, the choice of words and expressions can affect students’ understanding. For example, if we want to use fries to describe a straight line, however, in British English, I should use chips instead to help them learn better learning. Small differences in language can influence how clearly mathematical ideas are communicated.

I do agree with that for long-lasting teaching and learning for students, a relational way could be much better for them, because it is not just about the content, but helping them to build a structure piece by piece to finish the whole scale. However, I have different opinions from Dr.Skemp, instrumental learning may not be as beneficial as relational since it involves rules and is so traditional, but at the beginning of cognitive of, some theories, instrumental learning is necessary, where, like playing the piano, we need to know which key represents which sound.